While developing the projects for the construction of new and reconstruction of the existing roads, there is a probability of using privately owned land. In these cases, the mechanism of alienation of the private land plots is used to meet the public needs, in accordance with the Law of Ukraine " On compulsory purchase of land plots, other objects of real estate that are located on them, which are in private ownership, for public needs or for reasons of public necessity". Among the list of social needs, in the first place, there is a need for the land plots during construction, major repairs, reconstruction and maintenance of transport infrastructure objects, in particular roads. While designing the road construction and reconstruction projects, the technical-economic and transport-operational characteristics of the design object should be determined in conjunction with the protection of the environment and the rational use of natural resources. The article deals with the issues of assessing the impact of the road construction on the environment and the measures to reduce the level of pollution of the environment by introducing the environmental, technological, sanitary-technical and organizational measures.