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Effect of Seeding Rate and the Spraying with Licorice Extract in Oil Percentage and Active Ingredients of Caraway (Carum Carvi L.)
 
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Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq
 
 
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Ahmed Yassin Hassan   

Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq
 
 
J. Ecol. Eng. 2023; 24(4):140-150
 
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ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of three levels of seeding rate (4,7 and 10 kg h-1) and three concentrations of licorice extract (0 , 3 and 6 g L-1), the data were analyzed statistically by using a factorial experiment according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed that the seeding rate (7) kg h-1 gave a significant increase in seeds yield, volatile oil yield, and limonene ratio, which were 1162.6 kgh-1, 25.6 kgh-1, and 30.41%, respectively. While seeding rate (4) kgh-1 gave a higher average of the volatile oil percent and carvone percent, which were 2.3 % and 67.27% respectively. The results also revealed that spraying of licorice extract with 3 gL-1 gave significantly influenced in seeds yield and volatile oil yield which were (1016.6 and 23.3 kgh-1) respectively, whereas the spraying of licorice extract with 6 g L-1 gave the highest ratio of carvone and limonene which were 29.71% and 67.54 % respectively. The interaction between the seeding rate of 7 kg.h-1 and licorice extract with 3 g.L-1 had a significant effect on seeds yield and volatile oil yield, which amounted to (1234.2 and 28.4 kg. h-1) respectively.
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