In this work there are studied the peculiarities of formation of the reserves of productive moisture in a meter–thick layer of chernozem in a long–term dimension using various methods of soil cultivation and agroclimatic indicators under the conditions of the left bank part of the central Forest–Steppe of Ukraine. In the work there used generally accepted research methods: the field, laboratory, mathematical statistics, comparative calculations. Based on the conducted research, the following results were obtained. In the period from 1977 – 1982 to 2020 – 2024 the amount of precipitation during the cold period of the year (November–February) increased by 71 mm, and for the period November–March – by 64 mm. In the months of the cold period of the year the amount of precipitation increased most of all: in November (+ 15 mm), December (+ 28 mm), February (+ 38 mm) relative to the norm. During the shallow non–moldboard cultivation in 2020 – 2024 the accumulated moisture was by 16 mm less, in contrast to the deep non–moldboard cultivation. A direct correlation was found between the moisture reserves in the 0 – 50 cm layer and the average daily air temperature for the periods November–February and November–March: R = 0.74 – 0.76 ± 0.02, R2 = 0.54 – 0.58 (ploughing), R = 0.70 – 0.71 ± 0.02, R2 = 0.49 – 0.50 (moldboardless tillage) and R = 0.49 – 0.52 ± 0.02, R2 = 0.24 – 0.27 (small mouldboardless tillage). The relationship between the amount of atmospheric precipitation and the reserves of productive moisture in a meter–thick layer, regardless of the processing method, was at the level of direct correlation of the average level, and the formation of spring reserves of productive moisture in a meter–thick layer, regardless of the processing method, over 46 years of observations took place according a downward trend. For ploughing the intensity of the decrease in the moisture reserve was 2.1 times higher compared to the non–moldboard cultiation, which made it possible to form a higher moisture reserve by 8 – 10 mm.