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Recent Progress of Phytoremediation-Based Technologies for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
 
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1
Research Centre for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Kawasan Puspitek Gd. 820, Serpong 15314, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
 
2
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
 
3
Centre for Standardization and Industrial Pollution Prevention Services, The Ministry of Industry Republic of Indonesia, Jalan Ki Mangunsarkoro 6, Semarang 50136, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
 
4
Research Centre for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Kawasan Sains dan Teknologi Soekarno, Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor 16911, Indonesia
 
5
Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
 
6
Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115
 
 
Corresponding author
Muhammad Fauzul Imron   

Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115
 
 
J. Ecol. Eng. 2023; 24(2):208-220
 
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ABSTRACT
Phytoremediation is considered of a cost effective and environmentally friendly technology and has been used successfully for the remediation of soils and water contaminated with various pollutants. Specifically for full scale application to treat industrial wastewater, phytoremediation is used as sole technology for different types of wetlands. However, phytoremediation of polluted water in wetland type reactor has been mostly studied as black box. The method to measure the performance is only based on pollutant removal efficiency and there is very limited information available about of the pollutant removal mechanisms and process dynamics in these systems. Thus, the aim of this chapter was to briefly review basic processes of phytoremediation, its mechanisms and parameters, and its interaction between rhizo-remediation and microbe-plant. In addition, this chapter also elaborated phytoremediation challenges and strategies for full-scale application, its techniques to remove both organic and inorganic contaminants by aquatic plants in water, and some examples of applications in industries.
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