The performance of the No-till treatment after systematic surface tillage with crop rotation allowed the formation of stocks of productive moisture at the average level of 155 mm, which corresponded to the stocks of moisture after ploughing and were significantly higher (by 10–15 mm) than those under systematic surface tillage and No-till treatment after the ploughing. During the April-June and June-July periods, ploughing consumed 67% and 33% of the spring moisture supply, respectively; after surface tillage it was 62% and 38%, while after No-till following surface tillage it was 55% and 45%. This indicates a more optimal use of productive moisture stocks compared to ploughing, where moisture was used 1.2 times more intensively during the vegetative growth phase of grain and leguminous crops in the crop rotation. The highest consumption of productive water stocks during the April-July period was during ploughing at 62–69 mm and during surface tillage and No-till after surface tillage at 47–48 mm, which is 1.4 times less. The content of water-resistant aggregates 5–1 mm in 0–30 cm layer of soil under tillage was 3.31%, whereas under surface tillage and No-till treatment in different combinations – 1.87–2.21 times more. Increasing the content of water-resistant aggregates of the most valuable size, with increasing of humus content in 0–20 cm layer of soil by 0.07% under surface tillage and No-till treatment on its background led to improvement of crop moisture regime in agrocenosis by 10–15%.