Municipal waste is produced by households and commercial facilities. The quantity and composition of waste depends not only on consumption profiles and the nation’s wealth but also on efficiency of waste collection and further handling. Dumping of municipal waste is the least expensive and most commonly used method of disposing of waste. However, there is an alternative, two-in-one, solution: conversion of waste to energy. Non-recyclable waste can be turned into heat, electric power or fuel using various processes, such as gasification, pyrolysis or anaerobic fermentation. This is how residual waste can serve as sustainable local source of energy, additionally contributing to environmental protection and, to a significant extent, energy supply security.