The Distribution of Heavy Metal Forms in the Industrial-Urban Agglomeration Soil
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1
Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
2
University of Presov, Slovakia
3
State Biotechnological University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
4
NGO «Open Environmental University», Mykolaiv, Ukraine
J. Ecol. Eng. 2023; 24(11):303-313
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ABSTRACT
The material is devoted to the distribution of mobile forms of heavy metals in the ground cover urban landscapes of the Mykolaiv industrial urban agglomeration, which is a complex multifunctional system. The authors of the study collected soil samples in different places of agglomeration sand and measured the levels of mobile forms of heavy metals in these samples. The purpose of the study is a determination of the migration levels of heavy metals in the locations of missile strikes by the Russian aggressors. The objectives of the research are developing a strategy for testing the Mykolaiv Urban Industrial Agglomeration (MUIA) soil cover; estimating the migration level of HM (Cr, Zn, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cu, Mn) of the MUIA soil cover at the maximum permissible levels.
The research data revealed that the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cu, Mn) is in three forms - ion exchange, available, and fixed - in the soil. The average concentration of heavy metals in the ion exchange form ranges from 0.9 mg/kg for Cr to 60.3 mg/kg for Mn. In available form, the average concentration of metals varies from 0.4 mg/kg for Cr to 57.9 mg/kg for Hg. In fixed form, the average concentration of metals ranges from 8.7 mg/kg for Cr to 582.9 mg/kg for Mn.
The analysis of the study showed that the content of mobile forms in soil agglomerations differs significantly depending on the place of heavy metals of sampling. In some places, the content of heavy metals exceeds the permissible standards, which can harm human health and the ecosystem.