For many years, research has been conducted on the impact of transportation on soils in adjacent areas. An important component of transportation infrastructure is the railway network, which constitutes a significant source of environmental pollution. Of particular importance is the identification of potential threats posed by railway transport to the quality of soils intended for plant production. Such areas include allotment gardens, which occupy a special place in urbanized zones due to their location and function. This study aimed to assess the impact of a railway line on the soil quality of the “Hutnik” family allotment gardens in Zawadzkie, with particular emphasis on heavy metal content. A total of 20 research plots were designated, located in the vicinity of a forest complex (reference material) and near railway infrastructure (a potential emission source). Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0–25 cm.The total content of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) in the analyzed soils showed variation between the reference plots and those exposed to the influence of the railway line. Elevated concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Pb were found in soils located close to the railway line. Based on the chemical analysis data, it was concluded that railway transport may pose a greater threat to the natural environment than previously expected.