The intensification of agricultural and livestock production has led to a substantial increase in the generation of organic waste worldwide. In Uzbekistan, large volumes of local organic waste such as livestock manure and crop residues are generated annually, but most of this organic waste remains underutilized. Therefore, identifying effective composting strategies using local organic waste is essential for sustainable agriculture. This study investigates the physicochemical characteristics of two common local organic waste materials (cattle manure and wheat straw) in evaluating their suitability as raw materials for composting. The research methodology is a laboratory-based physicochemical characterization of both materials. Samples were analyzed for bulk density, moisture content, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio using standard analytical procedures. The data obtained were evaluated for the composting potential of cattle manure and wheat straw, and the outcomes were compared with previous research to validate their suitability as substrates. Results showed that cattle manure exhibited a relatively high nitrogen content (2.3%) and moderate levels of phosphorus (0.22%) and potassium (0.52%), indicating its role as a significant nutrient source. Wheat straw in contrast was characterized by a high carbon concentration and low nitrogen content, resulting in an initial C/N ratio of 122. The combination of these local wastes forms a balanced composting mixture with an optimal C/N ratio and improved aeration, enhancing microbial activity under aerobic static pile conditions. In conclusion, the complementary properties of cattle manure and wheat straw make them highly suitable for co-composting. This research offers a scientific basis for optimizing compost formulations using locally available agricultural waste, contributing to sustainable waste management in Central Asia.