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Evaluating the influence of harvest stages and varieties on the quality, biochemical characteristics, and phytochemical profiles of cherry fruit (Prunus avium L.)
 
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1
The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
 
2
Agriculture Research institute, Mingora-swat, Swat, Pakistan
 
 
Corresponding author
Muhammad Hadi Abbas   

The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
 
 
 
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ABSTRACT
Prunus avium L. belongs to the family Rosaceae and is a highly perishable, Non-climactic fruit. Cherry fruit is rich in anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and flavonoids. Cherries are grown in Pakistan's hilly regions of Gilgit Baltistan and the southwest of Baluchistan. In Pakistan, the overall production area of cherries is 2,500 ha, with an annual yield of 6,000 tones. The harvesting stage directly affects the quality and storage life of the fruits. At the early stage, fruit has less flavor and colour and decreases the rate of ripening, which enhances the quality. An experiment was conducted to identify the best harvest date at which fruit quality and varieties can be examined for export purposes. Fruit is harvested at four stages: S1 (full pink colour), S2 (light red colour), S3 (full red colour) and S4 (blackish red colour) of the three varieties and shifted to the laboratory of horticulture at the University of Haripur, Pakistan. After harvesting qualitative attributes of fruits including weight, width, thickness, and length of fruit and pedicel were measured. Different biochemical parameters; Ascorbic acid, pH, Total soluble solids(TSS) (˚Brix), Titratable acidity (TA) (%), total Sugar were assessed. A refractometer (ATAGO, RS-5000, Atago, Japan) was used to measure TSS. TA was recorded according to the Horwitz method. Total sugar in juice was measured using Lane and Eynon methods. Total flavonoid and volatile compounds were identified by colorimetric method and Shimadzu GC-17A (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) gas chromatography (GC-MS) paired with a Shimadzu mass spectrometer detector (GC-MS QP-5050A) respectively. Results of this study showed that fruit harvested at the proper stage contains higher anthocyanin levels than those harvested early, whereas late-harvesting cherries have a lower fruit quality. The data showed that the harvesting stage had a significant (P < 0.05) impact on the physical, chemical, sensory, and biochemical characteristics of cherry in three cultivars. The results showed that the fruit harvest at Stage III showed appropriate quality, qualitative attributes of cherries for export purposes with full nutritional aspects. The study concluded that the harvesting stage and the variety are important factors that affect the quality, biochemical attributes, and phytochemicals of cherry fruit.
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