A mineral carbonation process was proposed for effective CO2 capture and utilization from flue gas streams, such as those emitted by coal-fired power plants. In the present work, we provide an alternative technology using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution as an absorbent for capturing CO2 and converting it into value-added materials while mitigating emissions. This research examines the use of a packed bed reactor and a bubble column reactor for CO2 absorption and carbonation of NaOH solution to produce sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), offering a more environmentally friendly production process compared to traditional methods. The influence of significant operating parameters, namely pH value, gas flow rate, and absorbent flow rate, on CO2 capture in a bubble column reactor is experimentally explored using NaOH solution. The formation of sodium bicarbonate during the carbonation experiment was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The experimental results show a CO2 removal efficiency exceeding 95% and a NaHCO3 purity above 94% when utilizing a bubble column reactor.