The moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia) is a resilient leguminous crop, primarily cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions due to its remarkable drought tolerance and nutritional value. Known for its ability to thrive in harsh environments, the moth bean is an important source of protein and essential nutrients, playing a vital role in the diet and economy of communities in these regions. The study aims to understand how varying salinity levels (ranging from 0 mM to 500 mM) affect this leguminous crop's growth and physiological processes. Morphological parameters, including root length, shoot length, and the number of secondary roots, were analyzed, alongside biochemical markers such as chlorophyll content, protein levels, and enzyme activity. The results showed a significant decline in root and shoot lengths and a reduction in secondary roots, with increasing salinity. Biochemical analyses revealed a decrease in chlorophyll content and protein levels, while enzyme activity initially increased at moderate salinity levels before sharply declining at higher concentrations. These findings highlight the detrimental effects of salinity on moth bean growth and suggest potential strategies for enhancing salinity tolerance in agricultural practices. The study underscores the importance of developing salinity-resistant crops to sustain productivity in arid and semi-arid regions.