This study explores the synthesis of metal sulfide nanoparticles (NPs) using Hordeum vulgar leaf extract as a sustainable green approach. The synthesized MgS and FeS NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis, X-Ray Diffraction, and SEM techniques. These nanoparticles exhibited significant efficacy in photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine dye, achieving 95% degradation with 40 mg of MgS NPs and 10 mg of FeS NPs, indicating their potential for textile wastewater treatment. Moreover, the metal sulfide nanoparticles demonstrated antimicrobial activity against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli) and fungi (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans), suggesting their role in combating multidrug-resistant microbes. This research explores the promising applications of metal sulfide nanoparticles in combating textile pollution and focuses on sustainable environmental endeavours in agricultural practices opening new avenues for further research and development in this field.