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Removal of methyl violet dye by a photocatalytic process using variations of TiO2/zeolite synthesized from muscovite raw material
 
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Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
 
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Paulina Taba   

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
 
 
J. Ecol. Eng. 2025; 26(5):73-86
 
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ABSTRACT
The removal of methyl violet dye through a photocatalytic process has been successfully carried out. This study aims to evaluate the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2/zeolite catalysts in degrading methyl violet dye. Zeolites were synthesized from silica and aluminum sources derived from muscovite raw materials using the hydrothermal method, resulting in two types of zeolites: cancrinite (CAN) in synthesis A and analcime (ANA) in synthesis B. The zeolites were combined with anatase-phase TiO2 to form photocatalysts, with XRD analysis confirming the cubic structure of analcime and hexagonal cancrinite in the anatase phase. FTIR spectra showed sharp bands in the 468-1005 cm-¹ wave number range. SEM analysis showed that TiO2/analcime showed a hexagonal morphology with a crystal size of 10,58 μm, while TiO2/cancrinite had a rod-shaped morphology with a crystal size of 21,3 μm. Surface area analysis showed that TiO2/ANA and TiO2/CAN had surface areas of 34,80 m²/g and 23,08 m²/g, respectively, with pore diameters >2 nm, which confirmed their mesoporous nature based on the BJH method. UV-DRS analysis showed band gap energies of 3,13 eV for TiO₂/ANA and 3,11 eV for TiO₂/CAN. Photodegradation tests showed that the TiO₂/ANA catalyst exhibited higher methyl violet degradation efficiency than TiO₂/CAN. This study highlights the potential of TiO₂/zeolite-based photocatalysts for effective treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater, contributing to environmental sustainability.
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