Treatment of Soy Sauce Wastewater Using Integrated Algal Biofilm and Bio membrane System for Clean Water and Nutrient Recovery
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1
University of Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Indonesia.
Address : Rungkut Madya Street, Gunung Anyar, Surabaya, Indonesia
2
University of Nahdlatul Ulama
Sidoarjo, Indonesia
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Corresponding author
Novirina Hendrasarie
University of Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Indonesia.
Address : Rungkut Madya Street, Gunung Anyar, Surabaya, Indonesia
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ABSTRACT
Soy sauce production generates wastewater with high concentrations of organic pollutants and recalcitrant colorants, posing significant challenges for conventional treatment technologies. This study evaluates an integrated treatment process designed to enhance pollutant removal and recover clean water through the combination of an algae-based biofilm system and a bio-membrane unit. The system comprises an Anoxic–Oxic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) equipped with Kaldnes K3 carriers that support native microbial consortia and algae biofilms to promote biodegradation and color reduction. Treatment performance was assessed using COD, BOD₅, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphat (TP), and color intensity as key indicators. The results showed that filling the media to 40% and HRT of 38 hours produced the best overall performance, the MBBR achieved removal efficiencies of 89.67% COD, 88.87% BOD₅, 80% TSS, 57.85% TDS, 83.65% TN, 82.76% TP, and 94.35% color. The ultrafiltration process further improves the quality of wastewater from the MBBR process. The results of the ultrafiltration process meet Indonesia's non-potable clean water quality standards in accordance with Government Regulation No. 22/2021. These findings highlight the potential of integrated systems as a sustainable and efficient solution for treating high-concentration industrial food wastewater while supporting resource recovery.