Geomicrobiology is an interdisciplinary field of research that studies the role of microorganisms during the geological process from the inception of the earth and their perspective on the future of the earth. Scientists focused on microbe mineral interactions in various processes such as bioweathering, transformation, and the formation of biominerals to better understand the role of microbes in geological processes. Those processes are part of the geochemical cycles of elements, some of which are essential nutrients for life and others are toxic to life. Microorganisms, especially fungi and bacteria, as well as their exudates, are the major agents of geomicrobiology due to their important geological activities, which have a role in the bioweathering of rocks and minerals. Mobilization and immobilization of metals as well as the formation of new biominerals occur because of these activities and their fast growth. They are well known to be used in different strategies of bioremediation and they are genetically engineered to become more specific in removing and dissolving pollutants in the environment. The goal of the review was to outline the role of bacteria and fungi in bioremediation as well as in important geological processes, such as mineral alteration, bioweathering and biomineralization.