Thermal Recycling of Bentonite Waste as a Novel and a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Heavy Metals Removal
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Department of Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering Faculty, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Iran
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Mukhtar Dhajir Shubber
Department of Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering Faculty, Babol Noshirvani University Of Technology, Iran
J. Ecol. Eng. 2023; 24(5):288-305
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ABSTRACT
The objectives of this study are the thermal remediation of bentonite waste to convert non-hazardous material, and the use of the obtained thermal recycling bentonite waste (TRBW) as a novel low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution using the batch system. The origin of bentonite waste is a by-product from plants of spent engine oil recycling [PSEOR]. It was remediated in two stages, directly burning and in the electrical furnace at 700 Cᵒ for 100 minutes to eliminate oil residues and impurities. The tests of XRD, BET, FTIR, EDX, and SEM were accomplished to identify the chemical and physical characteristics of TRBW. After then, the examination of the ability of TRBW to adsorption of the five heavy metals (Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Pb) with different experimental parameters such as initial concentration, adsorbent dose, temperature, pH, and contact time. Different models of isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic were utilized and the results indicate that the nature of heavy metals adsorption onto TRBW was homogeneous. According to the maximum adsorption capacities, the metals ranked as Pb> Cd> Zn> Cr> Ni, and adsorption capacities were 94.97, 73.85, 39.56, 38.34, and 36.33 mg/g, respectively.