Carbon-Magnetic Composites from Agricultural Waste and Natural Resources: A Sustainable Adsorbent for Copper Removal
1
Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
2
Department of Physics, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia
3
Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
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ABSTRACT
This study reports the synthesis and characterization of Fe₃O₄/activated carbon composites derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) waste and natural iron sand for copper (Cu²⁺) adsorption. Composites with ratios of 1:1, 5:3, and 3:5 (EFB carbon : iron sand) were prepared. Iron sand was processed by co-precipitation to produce Fe₃O₄ magnetite, while EFB carbon was activated using 1 N CH₃COONa. Structural and functional properties were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS, while adsorption efficiency was measured using AAS. Results confirmed Fe₃O₄ formation with a cubic structure (a = 8.3750 Å), particle sizes of 79.97–98.91 μm, and excellent copper removal efficiency of 99.8% with an adsorption capacity of 0.377 mg/g.
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