Catalytic Gasification of Empty Oil Palm Fruit Bunches Using Iron and Aluminum Metal Pillared Bentonite Catalysts to Produce Environmentally Friendly Fuel Gas
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1
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tamansiswa Palembang, Jl. Tamansiswa No. 261, 20 Ilir D. I, Ilir Timur I, Kota Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia
2
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km 32 Indralaya, Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan 30662, Indonesia
3
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tamansiswa Palembang, Jl. Tamansiswa No.261, 20 Ilir D. I, Ilir Tim. I, Kota Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia
4
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km 32 Indralaya, Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan 30662, Indonesia
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Corresponding author
Muhammad Faizal
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km 32 Indralaya, Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan 30662, Indonesia
J. Ecol. Eng. 2024; 25(12):402-410
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ABSTRACT
Indonesia is a country that has abundant natural resources such as palm oil, coal and so on. These two types of coal mining and palm oil plantation sectors have provided many benefits for community welfare. The aims of research is to utilize palm oil industry waste in the form of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and fine coal waste (FCW) into synthetic gas (syngas) through a catalytic gasification process which is then used as a source of energy and/or synthesis chemicals. Gasification temperatures are 450 oC, 550 oC and 650 oC. Gasification time 20, 30 and 40 minutes. The ratio between pillared bentonite catalyst and EFB is 0.125 and 0.25. The resulting syngas is analyzed for the content of H2, CO, CH4 and CO gases. At gasification temperatures of 650 oC, the H2/CO gas ratio is 2.27. The comparison value between combustible gas (H2, CO and CH4) and non-combustible gas (CO2), namely the CG/NCG ratio shows the quality of a syngas. The higher the CG/NCG value, the better syngas is as a gas fuel because it has a higher heating value. The CG/NCG value at a temperature 650 oC it is 21.41. With an increase in temperature from 450 oC to 650 oC the increase in CG/NCG value is 51%. Thus, increasing the temperature from 450 oC to 650 oC, there is an increase in HHV of 86.21%. This result is economically beneficial because the increase in calorific value will increase the benefits of syngas. The higher the HHV value, the better the syngas is used as gas fuel. The HHV value at a temperature of 650 oC is 13.91 MJ/Nm3. Thus, by increasing the gasification temperature from 450 oC to 650 oC, there is also an increase in LHV of 85.71%, meaning it has increased quite significantly. When compared with the use of 0.125% catalyst, the increase in catalyst concentration of 0.25% is smaller than 91.90%. From the experimental results it can be concluded that increasing temperature will improve the quality of syngas.