Abstract. Under modern conditions of increasing volumes of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and limited possibilities for its environmentally safe disposal, MSW landfills remain one of the most widespread sources of technogenic pressure on soil ecosystems. Long-term operation of landfills is accompanied by the accumulation of pollutants, including organic compounds, heavy metals, and leachate products, which alter the physicochemical properties of soils and, consequently, affect the structure and functioning of soil microbiota. In this context, microorganisms of various ecological–trophic groups are considered sensitive and informative indicators of the intensity of anthropogenic, particularly technogenic, impact, as they rapidly respond to changes in environmental conditions and reflect the direction of soil biochemical processes. Soil sampling was carried out taking into account the distance gradient from MSW landfills, which made it possible to trace the spatial differentiation of microbiological indicators depending on the level of technogenic load. For a comprehensive assessment of the functional state of the microbial community, the main indices of microbiological processes were calculated, including coefficients of mineralization and immobilization of organic matter, indicators of trophic orientation, and soil biological activity. The obtained results indicate that in soils located in close proximity to MSW landfills, significant changes in the structure of the microbial cenosis are observed. These changes manifest themselves in an increase in the abundance of microorganisms associated with intensive mineralization of organic compounds, accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the proportion of oligotrophic and specialized forms. The detected shifts in microbiological indices indicate a disturbance of the balance of soil biochemical processes, a decrease in the stability of the soil ecosystem, and can be considered a consequence of increased technogenic pressure. Thus, ecological–trophic groups of microorganisms and indices of microbiological processes are effective indicators of the ecological state of soils within the zone of influence of MSW landfills. The application of microbiological indicators in environmental monitoring systems makes it possible to timely detect negative changes in soil ecosystems, assess the level of anthropogenic load, and can be used to substantiate environmental protection measures aimed at reducing technogenic impact and restoring disturbed soils.