The study assessed the spatial distribution of chemical elements in soils within the potential impact zone of the Burshtyn Thermal Power Plant and their relative mobility in the soil–surface water system. Concentrations of 30 elements were determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis at 19 sites. Geochemical pressure was evaluated using the enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index, and Nemerow pollution index. Inter-element relationships were examined by Spearman correlation and principal component analysis, while relative aqueous representation was estimated using leaching and water-migration coefficients. Enrichment factors for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb remained below 2. The mean pollution load index was 0.99, and the mean Nemerow index was 1.15, with a maximum of 1.52. Low integrated index values coexisted with local deviations: all 12 quantitatively determined Pb concentrations ranged from 43 to 77 mg/kg and exceeded the total-content limit of 32 mg/kg, whereas mean Zn was 2.44 times the regional background. Trace-element maxima occurred in different sectors and at different distances; therefore, no consistent gradient from the stationary source was identified. The first three principal components explained 80.1% of the total variance and represented coordinated Fe–K–Cr–Ni variability, the contrast of Ca with Si and Al, and a Cu–Zn association. The highest leaching coefficients were obtained for Ca and Sr, intermediate values for Mg and Zn, and the lowest values for Fe, Mn, Cr, and Cu. The results indicate predominant control by the soil mineral matrix alongside locally important Pb and Zn deviations. The mismatch between soil accumulation and relative aqueous mobility supports element-specific monitoring within the Burshtyn cooling reservoir–Hnyla Lypa River–Dniester River system.