Oil palm plantations are a key component of Indonesia’s agricultural economy but are also a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aimed to evaluate the use of local organic inputs—Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB)—as sustainable alternatives to inorganic fertilizer in oil palm cultivation. A field experiment was conducted on mineral soils in South Kalimantan (2023–2024) using 18 randomized blocks with three treatments: NPK fertilizer, EFB, and POME. Emission intensities were estimated following IPCC guidelines, and productivity was assessed based on total fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield. Results indicated that POME produced the highest yield and lowest emission intensity, while EFB provided the greatest absolute reduction in GHG emissions. These findings demonstrate the potential of integrating local organic waste into fertilization strategies to support low-emission, sustainable palm oil production within a circular economy framework.