Impact of Inorganic Fertilizer and Eco-enzyme Combination on Rice Morphology, Physiology, and Yield in Tidal Swamp Areas
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1
Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang
2
Dharma Wacana College of Agricultural Sciences Metro, Lampung, Indonesia
3
University of Baturaja, Sari, Indonesia
5
Universitas Islam Kuantan Singingi
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ABSTRACT
Rice production in type C tidal swamp lands faces substantial challenges due to soil acidity, nutrient deficiencies, and periodic inundation. This study evaluated the combined effects of inorganic fertilizer and eco-enzyme application on rice morphology, physiology, and yield in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. A split-plot design with three replications was employed, with four fertilizer management treatments: control, inorganic fertilizer only (200 kg urea ha⁻¹, 100 kg SP-36 ha⁻¹, 100 kg KCl ha⁻¹), inorganic fertilizer plus eco-enzyme, and inorganic fertilizer plus poultry manure (10 tons ha⁻¹). Three improved rice varieties (Inpari-32, Inpara-4, and Inpara-5) were evaluated. Results demonstrated that integrated nutrient management significantly enhanced plant growth, with plant height increasing from 76.15-82.30 cm under control to 95.33-109.22 cm under optimal treatments. Grain weight per clump improved substantially from 29.32-32.32 g in control to 45.18-58.18 g under inorganic fertilizer plus poultry manure, representing 40-95% increases. Nutrient uptake was maximized under combined inorganic-organic treatments, with nitrogen uptake reaching 752.42-771.63 mg plant⁻¹, phosphorus uptake 443.68-461.89 mg plant⁻¹, and potassium uptake 370.25-389.82 mg plant⁻¹, demonstrating 84-88% increases over control conditions. Multivariate analysis revealed moderate positive correlations between grain weight and nutrient uptake parameters (r = 0.67-0.74), with principal components explaining 49.4% of total variance. These findings indicate that substantive organic amendments providing comprehensive nutrient pools outperform biocatalytic supplements in nutrient-depleted acidic soils, suggesting that integrated management strategies for tidal swampland rice production should prioritize nutrient-rich organic materials as primary complements to inorganic fertilizers, with variety selection favoring genotypes exhibiting superior nutrient use efficiency under marginal conditions.