The quality of water resources used for agricultural irrigation is a key factor influencing soil health, crop productivity, and long-term sustainability of agroecosystems. In arid and semi-arid regions, where surface water is limited and atmospheric precipitation is insufficient, groundwater becomes the primary source of irrigation. However, intensive exploitation of groundwater under such climatic conditions often accelerates secondary soil salinization, adversely affecting soil structure, plant growth, and overall agricultural output. Consequently, systematic assessment of irrigation water quality is essential for effective land and water resource management. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of groundwater for irrigation purposes in the northeastern coastal region of Azerbaijan, an area characterized by hot climatic conditions and limited rainfall. The assessment is based on a comprehensive set of hydro-chemical indicators that reflect both salinity and solidity hazards. These include the degree of mineralization (M), Stebler coefficient (K), sodium percentage (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium hazard ratio (MAR), potential salinity (PS), permeability index (PI), and Kelly’s ratio (KR). Together, these parameters provide an integrated understanding of the potential impacts of irrigation water on soil permeability, salinity buildup, and ion toxicity. Hydro-chemical data were analyzed to determine the concentration and composition of dissolved salts, which are critical in evaluating irrigation suitability. Elevated salinity levels and unfavorable ionic balances, particularly high sodium and magnesium concentrations relative to calcium, can lead to soil dispersion, reduced infiltration capacity, and deterioration of soil physical properties. The calculated indices were compared against internationally accepted standards for irrigation water quality to classify the water into different suitability categories. The results highlight spatial variations in groundwater quality across the study area and indicate that, in certain locations, water irrigation poses moderate to high salinity and solidity risks. These findings underscore the need for appropriate irrigation management strategies, such as controlled groundwater use, periodic soil monitoring, and the adoption of salt-tolerant crops where necessary. Overall, this study provides valuable scientific insight into irrigation water quality in the northeastern coastal area of Azerbaijan and contributes to informed decision-making aimed at mitigating soil salinization and ensuring sustainable agricultural development in arid environments.