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Specificities of considering migration capability of heavy metals in assessing ecological hazard of polluting soils of urban ecosystems
 
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1
Department of Ecology and Environmental Technologies, Dnipro University of Technology, Dmytra Yavornytskoho Ave 19, 49005, Dnipro, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine
 
2
Department of Construction and Civil Security, Khmelnytskyi National University, Instytuts’ka St. 11, 29000, Khmelnytskyi, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine
 
3
Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38, 20-618, Lublin, Poland
 
4
Department of Water Supply and Sewage Systems, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstancow Warszawy 12, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
 
 
Corresponding author
Mykhaylo Pashechko   

Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38, 20-618, Lublin, Poland
 
 
J. Ecol. Eng. 2025; 26(4):37-44
 
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ABSTRACT
Necessity of assessing how soils of urban ecosystems are badly polluted by heavy metals has been motivated by the growth of technogenic load and awareness of the hazard level. The researches were conducted within the urban ecosystem of Dnipro city (Ukraine) – a powerful center of metallurgy, machine-building and metal-processing industries, rocket-space construction. In this work, the gross content and mobile forms of the following five heavy metals are studied: Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Ni. The assessment of pollution intensity is fulfilled by the Nemerov pollution index (NPI) for the gross content and mobile forms in order to reveal the level of ecological hazard caused by the growth of heavy metals in soil. It is ascertained that, by the level of ecological hazard, the pollution intensity of heavy metals in soils of the urban ecosystem of Dnipro city can be represented as an inequality sequence: Zn ˃ Pb = Cu ˃ Cd ˃ Ni. Migration capability of heavy metals is conditioned by an increment of their gross content, where as the city soil is losing its buffer property. A tendency of the NPI growth is revealed within the gross content to potentially mobile forms as a result of considering the migration capability of heavy metals. The NPI application efficiency is substantiated to take into account specificities of how urban ecosystems are formed and function, including varietyandspatial propagation of pollution by heavy metals, and also their migration capability.
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