This study aims to determine the qualitative and quantitative changes in surface water pollution during the period of martial law in Ukraine. A retrospective and modern analysis of water quality in the water bodies of the Dnipropetrovsk region was conducted, as this is where the surface runoff is formed that is used for field irrigation and drinking water supply in the southern regions of Ukraine. Based on the research, pollutants related to military actions were identified, phosphates explicitly and ammonium, which are direct results of the explosion of various types of shells, and chlorides and sulfates, which are indirect results of the war and entered the water after the dam of the Kakhovka HPP was blown up. The results obtained indicate a direct impact of military actions and an increase in the pollution of rivers and canals, which may lead to the water becoming completely unsuitable for drinking water supply in the future.