Sustainable Removal of Methylene Blue from Water Using a Chitosan/Date-Pit Biochar Composite: Adsorption Behavior and Environmental Implications
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Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Iraq
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Salwa Hadi Ahmed
Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Iraq
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This paper improved the capacity for methylene blue (MB) removal from polluted water by designing a sustainable hybrid adsorbent using chitosan (CS) and date pit biochar (DPB). The hybrid was developed as a solution to the poor performance of raw chitosan within acidic medium, by incorporating it into a porous carbon framework that increases its effective pH model and speed of transfer of mass. It was noted that characterization depicted an increment in the point of zero charge (pHpzc) of 7.0 in the case of the CS/DPB and 6.6 in the case of the raw chitosan, signifying enhanced stability over a wide pH gradient. In adsorption experiments, the hybrid achieved 94-96% MB removal in 40-60 minutes, respectively, which was far better than raw chitosan, which had 20-25% removal at pH 3. Equilibrium data were like the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) was raised by 74% to 30.33 mg/g compared to 17.44mg/g in chitosan. The evolution of kinetics obeyed a pseudo-second-order equation (R2 = 0.9997), where the main process was chemisorption, and it was preceded by hydrogen bonding and π π forces. Its composite also proved its viability as the high performance was maintained in five reuse cycles, which is a promising alternative to sustainable industrial wastewater treatment.