This study evaluates the effectiveness of post–harvest oilseed radish green manures and different tillage methods in controlling potential soil contamination and weed infestation in typical chernozem soil and maize crops. It was found that the application of oilseed radish green manures significantly reduced the quantity of weed seeds in the 0–30 cm soil layer by 2.9–7.1 million seeds ha-1 compared to the non–green manure background. In maize fields, the population of all weed biological groups decreased by 0.2–4.5 individuals/m² and their biomass decreased by 4–69 g/m², resulting in an increase in grain yield by 1.5–1.8 t ha–1. Substituting plowing with no–moldboard tillage for incorporating oilseed radish green manures reduced weed seed reserves in the 0–30 cm soil layer by 0.7–1.7 million seeds ha–1. The deepest no–moldboard tillage provided the lowest potential contamination in the upper 0–5 cm soil layer, with 24.4 and 22.3 million seeds ha-1, which was 0.6–1.1 and 2.3–3.3 million seeds ha-1 lower compared to no–moldboard tillage at 13–15 and 6–8 cm. Substituting plowing with no–moldboard tillage increased the number and biomass of weeds in maize crops, mainly due to early and late spring groups.