The formation of abandoned tin-mine pits (locally known as kolong) is a clear manifestation of ecological destruction caused by tin mining on Bangka Island, Indonesia. In the early stages of their formation, many of these abandoned tin-mined water bodies exhibit poor water quality, characterized by low pH (acidity), high oxidation levels, low nutrient and organic matter content, and potential heavy metal contamination. Similar characteristics are observed in various other mine waters—some of which exhibit extreme acidity resulting from the oxidation of sulfide minerals and metals contamination—a phenomenon known as acid mine drainage (AMD). Over time, the physicochemical properties of these water bodies can undergo significant changes. Although numerous studies have highlighted the presence and role of microbes in post-mining waters and AMD, few have comprehensively explored their existence and contribution in abandoned tin-mined pits. This narrative review aimed to outline the presence of microbes and uncover their potential ecological roles in abandoned tin-mined pits by comparing them with other mine-impacted waters. The review synthesized critical insights regarding bacteria and archaea as the primary microbial groups likely to act as pioneers in abandoned tin-mined pits. Through their biogeochemical activities, these pioneer microbes can drive environmental transformations, gradually rendering the aquatic environment habitable for other organisms during ecological succession. Bacterial phyla—including Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Actinomycetota (Actinobacteria), Chloroflexota (Chloroflexi), Acidobacteriota (Acidobacteria), Bacillota (Firmicutes), Planctomycetota (Planctomycetes), Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes), and Cyanobacteriota (Cyanobacteria)—alongside archaeal phyla such as Methanobacteriota (Euryarchaeota) and Thermoproteota (Crenarchaeota), play crucial roles in these processes. Currently, specific research exploring the exact biogeochemical functions of these microbial groups in Bangka Island’s abandoned tin-mined pits remains scarce. This gap presents a valuable research opportunity to further unveil the ecological roles of these microbes. Furthermore, existing studies highlight the practical implications of microbial presence in post-mining aquatic environments, particularly their potential applications in bioremediation and ecological rehabilitation through microbial ecological engineering. The research can be adopted for implementation in abandoned post-tin-mined pits to accelerate succession and improve environmental quality.