This study examined water quality and microbial interactions in aerofloc systems for whiteleg shrimp farming. Most water parameters were within the recommended range, except for total hardness, which was higher than the optimum value. The system kept pH stable, controlled nitrogen compounds, and maintained organic matter at safe levels. Plankton was dominated by Chlorophyta, while harmful groups stayed low. Correlation analysis showed that organic matter and minerals strongly affected plankton growth, while high nitrogen reduced it. Vibrio counts were above the optimum level, but their ratio to total bacteria stayed below the danger limit, showing that microbial competition helped control pathogens. These results suggest that aerofloc systems can improve water quality and act as a biological control mechanism.