Grain farming is a key component of the agro-industrial complex and plays a decisive role in ensuring food security in Ukraine. The aim of the study was to establish the optimal sowing rate of winter wheat depending on the fertilization system on gray forest soils while ensuring the preservation of their fertility. The study covered three factors: variety (Revolver and RZHT DELLO), fertilization rates (no fertilizers and increased fertilization background of 40 t/ha of manure, N₁₀₀P₆₃K₁₁₁₂) and seeding rates (1.5–4 million similar grains/ha. It was found that the interaction of the studied factors forms different conditions for plant growth and development, affecting their tillering, nutrient supply and the level of competition in sowing. The highest productivity indicators are provided by a combination of a high-yielding variety, increased fertilization background and moderate seeding rate. According to the average data for 2023-2025, the yield of winter wheat, depending on the level of intensification, was 4.22-6.97 t/ha. The RZHT DELLO variety demonstrated higher productivity and more efficient use of land resources (98.43%) compared to the Revolver variety (86.65%). The results obtained emphasize the importance of optimization of agrotechnical measures to increase the efficiency of grain production. This has significant practical potential for improving agricultural policy, increasing the competitiveness of the Ukrainian grain sector, and strengthening Ukraine's position on the world market, provided that product quality, storage and processing technologies are improved, and resources are used more efficiently.