Sustainable management of crop residues is a key element of the circular economy in the wine sector. This study evaluated the energy potential and combustion efficiency of green biomass waste (leaves) from four Vitis vinifera L. grape varieties (Chardonnay, Merlot, Riesling, Zweigelt) grown using the Guyot system in two different climatic regions: warm temperate and temperate. A comprehensive technical analysis, elemental composition analysis, and analysis of gaseous and particulate emissions were conducted. A highly significant effect (p < 0.0001) of both the variety factor and climatic conditions on the studied parameters was demonstrated. In the warm temperate climate, the Chardonnay variety exhibited the highest calorific value (HHV - 18.04 MJ/kg), which was correlated with the highest carbon content (C - 44.22%). In combustion tests, Riesling from a warm temperate climate stood out with the lowest particulate emissions (7.93 kg/Mg), while Merlot from the same region generated the lowest emissions of CO, NOx, and SO2. An analysis of Merlot cultivation in a temperate climate showed a significant increase in NOx emissions (9.27 kg/t) and SO2 (0.42 kg/t), which was directly attributable to higher concentrations of nitrogen (N - 2.63%) and sulfur (S - 0.21%) in leaf tissues. The results indicate that grapevine leaves are a valuable source of renewable energy, but their fuel and environmental parameters are strictly dependent on the interaction between the variety’s genotype and habitat conditions.