Characteristics of bio-briquettes from candlenut shells as a renewable energy: Selection of adhesive type, adhesive concentration, and bio-char particle size
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Ukryj
1
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jalan Almamater Kampus USU, Medan, Indonesia
2
Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jalan Almamater Kampus USU, Medan, Indonesia
Autor do korespondencji
Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara
J. Ecol. Eng. 2025; 26(10)
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
The production and characterization of bio-briquettes from candlenut shells bio-char have been conducted, with an in-depth investigation into the selection of adhesive type (starch, molasses, tar), adhesive concentration (10%, 20%, 30%), and bio-char particle size (20 mesh, 40 mesh, 80 mesh) using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results highlighted the optimal bio-briquette quality by using starch, with an adhesive concentration of 30% and a bio-char particle size of 80 mesh. The produced bio-briquettes met the quality requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI No. 1-3624-2000), as well as other bio-briquette standards. With a remarkably high calorific value, 8254.25 cal/g, these bio-briquettes demonstrate great potential as an affordable renewable energy.