Currently, the disruption of the ecological balance and water scarcity are becoming one of the serious environmental problems facing all of humanity. Drought became the main limiting factor in the development of agricultural production. Therefore, currently, the study of drought resistance of plants, especially grain crops, is one of the most important issues. Drought resistance is the ability of a plant to maintain physiological properties without significant changes under drought conditions. The drought resistance of rye is related to its physiological conditions. Because its root system has the ability to absorb water well. However, drought affects almost all physiological indicators of rye. First of all, drought leads to a shortening of the plant's vegetation period. Rye (Secale cereale L.) is one of the most beneficial grain crops. Rye has many benefits for the national economy. In agriculture, rye flour is used as bread, and grain as animal feed. Therefore, this research work, aimed at assessing the physiological indicators of Secale cereale in drought conditions, is one of the important studies. The information presented in this article Secale cereale L. of varieties serves to explain the impact of drought on some physiological indicators. The achieved scientific results provide an opportunity to develop and apply in practice a technology for growing Secale cereale L based on optimal physiological parameters for arid conditions.