In recent years, the sharp increase in droughts has led to water shortages, making it even more difficult to conduct farming on non-irrigated lands. The widespread impact of this stress factor also leads to the degradation of natural pastures. In such conditions, research on the selection of promising varieties of drought-resistant crops is of urgent importance. In selecting promising crops and varieties for arid regions, it is important to determine the physiological properties of plants under different water regimes, especially photosynthetic activity and productivity. In this study, experiments were conducted to study the effects of growing under conditions of stable water supply (SWS) and water limitation (WL) on the photosynthetic activity and productivity of Triticosecale varieties. As a result of the experiments, it was found that the values of photosynthetic productivity and grain yield in some varieties among the studied varieties do not differ much from the values observed in plants grown under conditions of moderate water supply. The experiments provided an opportunity to select varieties that are adapted to climate change, are resource-efficient and can produce stable yields. The results obtained can serve to develop eco-agrotechnologies aimed at sustainable cultivation of Triticosecale under conditions of limited water supply, and to maintain and restore the stability of arid regions undergoing degradation through the use of these agrotechnologies.