Over an 11-year period, a comprehensive assessment of the bioproductivity of the root system of oilseed radish was carried out based on the basic indicators of morphospatial and fire distribution in the soil profile for two variants of sowing it as a green manure: spring and summer. A wide range of methods based on Profile Wall, Monolith Method and Root maps of a profile wall were used to obtain the main functional indicators of the spatial development of the root system and ecological adaptive strategies of its formation. It has been determined that oil radish, according to the formation of morphological characteristics of the root system in a short period before use for green manure (40–50 days), belongs to highly productive cruciferous species with an achievable level of root biomass yield in dry matter of 1.19–1.77 t ha-1. The active interaction of its root system with the soil profile 40–80 cm deep was established due to active branching to the fourth level and active diffuse spread of these branches in the radial and vertical directions. An adaptive mechanism for deepening the roots into the soil with a decrease in the moisture supply of the soil profile with an average increase in the depth of penetration in the range of 13–14 cm in comparison with conditions of sufficient or excessive moisture was proved. Based on the generalisation of the dynamics of oilseed radish root system formation in the soil profile, root maps with a comprehensive indication of the interaction of plant root systems for inter-row directions were formed. The direct dependence of the formation of indicators of bioproductivity of the root on the precipitation (determination 47.19–50.20%), moisture reserves in the soil (27.04–65.61%) and the inverse dependence on the average daily temperature (21.44–25.70%) and soil hardness (37.21–59.29%) was established.