Evaluation the performance of natural wetland Characteristics for removing heavy metals
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1
Department of Environment Science, University of Sulaimani, Tasluja Street 1– Zone 501 Sulaimania, As Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
2
Department of Natural Resources, University of Sulaimani, Tasluja Street 1– Zone 501 Sulaimania, As Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
3
Department of Chemistry, University of Sulaimani, Tasluja Street 1– Zone 501 Sulaimania, As Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
Corresponding author
Nazhad M. Fatah
Department of Environment Science, University of Sulaimani, Tasluja Street 1– Zone 501 Sulaimania, As Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
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ABSTRACT
One of the most efficient and low-cost plans to remove or reduce the pollutants is the use of natural wetlands. In this study a typical riverine type of natural wetland on the flow course of Chaqan river in Sulaimani / Iraq, has been studied, to evaluate the natural wetland components regarding the removal of heavy metals namely Fe, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Samples of root and shoot of three types of natural aquatic plants viz Phragmites Australis, Xanthium Strumarium, Persicaria Hydropiper have been taken at the two different seasons, besides to the control samples for each type of the plants and soil. The laboratory tests of the water samples showed that the concentration of all studied heavy metals was reduced in water samples of the wetland outlet, except Manganese and Iron where their concentration values increased in water samples of the outlet at wet season. Results indicated that the highest removal efficiency of the plants was at wet season, and the highest value of phytoremediation generally observed at the plant shoots. The highest values of removal efficiency for the three studied plants in both dry and wet seasons showed the following sequence; Xanthium Strumarium > Persicaria Hydropiper > Phragmites Australis. Among the studied components of the wetland, the natural plants generally took the first highest order follow it the soil which acquired the second rank and the water was at the third sequence.